Edgar Allan Poe born on January 19, 1809, was known as the...

Edgar Allan Poe born on January 19, 1809, was known as the creator of the modern detective story and innovator of the science fiction genre. Although, people identify him because of his horror stories as well as his haunting lyric poetry, there was a different side of him other than a gruesome, mysterious individual prowling in the shadows of moonlit cemeteries. Poe’s childhood was very tragic and affected his adult life when growing up. Poe was the second son of actors David and Elizabeth Poe. Shortly after Poe was born, his father abandoned the family in 1810 and the following death of his twenty-four year old mother in 1811, left Poe an orphan at the young age of three. Poe was adopted by a guy named john, who was a strict unemotional†¦show more content†¦Poe aimed to create a different change in the magazine industry but failed to do so because of the unnecessary funding. Poe, most likely made his success in fame in January 1845. Poe became a household name; he had published his two books within that year and started his own magazine business. There were rumors about Poe with a different woman his wife health made leave the city and go back. Virginia died of tuberculosis ten years later. Poe dearly loved his wife and when she died he fell apart. When he wrote â€Å"The Raven†, the character is grief over death of â€Å"Lenore† when a raven visits him. Raven is symbolic figure that is used in Poe poem to symbolize death. â€Å" Thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee Respite- and Nepenthe from the memories of Lenore!†(The Raven). Which, Lenore is the representation of Poe’s deceased wife Virginia. Poe want to hang to his wife’s memory because he just doesn’t want to let go over her death. He was a lost soul and was devastate. Majority of the critics thought after the death of his wife, he would be done for good. The critics were right about Poe and he lived only about two more years in giving lectures and writing for his latest magazine, â€Å" The Stylus†. Poe’s works have received criticism as well as much praise, over the years. Numerous professionals who researched Poe’s life and his writings, knew that his writings were reflections of his real life situations. However,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Authors And Poets Of History2014 Words   |  9 Pagescentury poet Edgar Allan Poe. Poe wrote countless poems and short stories of the horror genre. Poe’s early life, military activity, romantic relationships and life as an author all played a significant role in his writings and the formation of his career as an author and poet. The work Poe did years ago still impacts the world of literature today and has provided a basis for which today’s short stories are written and formatted. IIA. Edgar Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809 to actors David

Walt Whitman A Strong Minded and Anxious American Author...

THESIS: Walt Whitman was a very strong minded, and anxious American author, who accomplished goals and made a great impact on the world today. introduction: The great life of Walt Whitman is still talked about today. He went from being a student, to a journalist, then an editor. He was very successful and thoughtful, and made many accomplishments during his 73 years of life. BODY: 1. Walt Whitman didn’t have a terrible life, but it wasn’t perfect.(Walt Whitman.† Encyclopedia Brittanica. Encyclopedia Brittanica online edition. Encyclopedia Brittanica inc. 2012. Web.13 Nov.†¦show more content†¦He was proud of the way he stayed confident, and focused while editing the paper. Walt made it very clear for the readers to understand. Walt’s brother read one of his articles, and next time he wrote Walt, he let him know that he was proud of him for achieving his lifetime goal, and that he wanted to see him soon. On the day that Walt heard that his brother was wounded at war, he traveled up to Fredricksburg, and stayed in a camp about 2 mile away from the base. ( Walt Whitman.† Encyclopedia Brittanica. Encyclopedia Brittanica Academic online edition. Encyclopedia Brittanica inc, 2012. Web.13 Nov.2013 http:// www.brittanica.com / Eb checked/topic/642866 ) He spent his spare time visiting the wounded and dying soldiers. Walt sta yed there until he saw that his brother was doing better, then he returned to Brooklyn and received good news; Whitman had got a promotion, this was January of 1865 but in June he was dismissed because the secretary of the interior thought that â€Å"The leaves of grass† was indecent. That same year, he entitled a poem called â€Å"Drum Tops†, the sequel of this poem contained his great elegy on president Abraham Lincoln. Walt greatly admired Abe’s work. He held the theory that the chief function of the poet personality in his verse. 3. He remained a poet for as long as he could. Walt was one of the oldest poets there was at the time. He started at an early age, and never gave up. He had been getting sick, but he alwaysShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesin a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 3 the strong business growth of pacesetter companies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable

Essay on the Nature of Trade in General’ Free Essays

In the excerpt from R. Cantillion ‘Essay on the Nature of Trade in General’ relationship between price and costs of production are being described and explained. Author emphasizes that price of a commodity is a ‘measure of the Land and Labour which enter into its Production’. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on the Nature of Trade in General’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, price consists of labour and manufacturing costs and should reflect the quality of these two factors. In the excerpt, author makes some accurate assumptions. Firstly, he notices the difference in value of land and labour: ‘One Acre of Land produces more Corn or feeds more Sheep than another. The work of one Man is dearer than that of another’. I am interpreting land as the quality of materials to produce a commodity and consider only labour included in manufacturing. So the fertility of land (which is equal to the quality of the good, as the more fertile land is, the tastier, nicer and bigger fruits it will produce) and quality of labour should be included in the price. Author uses example with wool suite to illustrate his observations : ‘If the Wool of the one Acre is made into a suit of coarse Cloth and the Wool of the other into a suit of fine Cloth, as the latter will require more work and dearer workmanship it will be sometimes ten times dearer’. So the suit of fine cloth will be more expensive than the one from coarse cloth even thought the price of materials used for these suits are the same. It means that price difference of the costumes is determined by the price of labour. Fine cloth suit requires more skilled work and at the same time more expensive work. Skilled workers, with more knowledge are more efficient so their labour costs more. Same relationship between price and quality of materials exist: ‘the price of the Hay in a Field, on the spot, or a Wood which it is proposed to cut down, is fixed by the matter or produce of the Land, according to its goodness’. Author uses phrases such as ‘land fertility’ and ‘quality of the produce of the land’, but for simplicity, let’s assumes that it is the quality of materials used for production or the quality of the good itself it is a raw material. The price of billets is determined by the quality of timber, the price of hay is determined by the quality of the grass cut. In this case the difference between two identical piles of wood or two rolls of hay is determined by the quality of the materials. This given example proves that relationship between the price and quality of the materials do exists. Another accurate observation was made about the surplus and the shortage influence to the price. Author used an example with corns: ‘If the Farmers in a State sow more corn than usual†¦ gt; there are more sellers than buyers the Market Price of the Corn will necessarily fall below the intrinsic price or Value’. In other words, supply which is larger than demand will create a surplus, the price will decrease and will be below the equilibrium price. Same example with corns was used to illustrate the shortage: ‘Farmers sow less corn than is needed for consumption there will be more buyers than sellers and the Ma rket Price of corn will rise above its intrinsic value. ’ When demand is larger than supply, a shortage will occur, causing prices to go up. These processes were simply but accurately explained in the text. The author also noticed the government’s importance in economics. He explained how prices can be fixed: ‘the Magistrates of the City are able to fix the Market Prices of many things, like bread and meat†¦ ’. This is simply government’s policy of price floor which enables to keep the market prices above equilibrium price to protect the producers. Despite these accurate observations, inconsequence can be found. First of all, author does not consider all factors that influence the price. Costs of labour and materials are part of production costs but there are also price of the machinery needed for production, taxes, transportation costs and many more, according to the business. All these fixed and variable costs must be included in the price of the commodity. Profits were not considered as well but are very important as they can make up most of the price especially of brand name products. Prime cost of a designer handbag is far lower than its market price because it includes huge profits for the designer. So the main idea of the text is correct but there are still some places to be improved. In conclusion, the excerpt from R. Cantillion ‘Essay on the Nature of Trade in General’ includes quite a few accurate examples and observations about economy and more specifically about the relationship between the price and quality of materials and labour (in author’s terminology: ‘The Price and Intrinsic Value of a Thing in general is the measure of the Land and Labour which enter into its Production‘). Essay was written in the beginning of the XVIII century so the examples and terminology of the text are quite archaic. Time of publishing might also be the reason why essay include inconsistencies. How to cite Essay on the Nature of Trade in General’, Essay examples

Concept of Positive Accounting Research Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Report on Positive Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction: In this report, the research has been conducted over the positive accounting. This research has been done over the positive accounting.Thisstudy reveal about the various issues a company could face due to many issues and mistakes in the concepts of accounting of preparation of financial and accounting statement. For this research, many academic books, journals, academic papers, concepts, theories and framework have taken asgrantedfor analyzing the true concept of positive accounting and its usage in the company (Dyckman, and Zeff, 2014). Through thisresearch, it has been studied that positive accountingresearch is an intellectual project in a wider concept. For analyzing it, many science related techniques could be used by professionals to recognize the upstreamsource of it particularly. An influence has been done over the accountingepistemology and ontology (positive). It has been done to analyze an estimation in accounting and its practices. This report has been prepared in such a manner that all the details of accounting concept and methodologies could be covered (Kabir, 2011). Many errors has also been identified in this report. The instance view and summary of this reporttellsabout the accountings current and future factorsand its impact over all the concepts, arguments framework and theories which has been stated in this article. More, some research questionshas been framed to analyze the data and concepts of positive accounting. Through this research, many other hurdles have been analyzed due to accounting practices to the auditors and accountants which have a continuous involvement with these practices. Frameworks concepts have been communicated and researched in this paper by conducting a research over the practices of accounting and the link between the theory of cause and effect(Everett et al, 2015). At the end ofthis paper someknowledge has been offered about the limitations,advantages and disadvantagesof research. Lastly, this paper tell the readerabout conclusion of paper. The conclusion has been described with many recommendationssuch as how the accounting practices could be used in a better manner. Summary of Article: The stated artcle of positive accounting and its practices purposessomeknowledge of positive accounting, human behavior, its practices, cause effect relationship, researchetc. in dogged approach in concern of accounting. This article depict about numerousfactors such as dependent and independent factor to generateanimpacton accountant and auditors (Klemstine and Maher, 2014). Such kind of practices of accounting permits aperson to analystbarrier which could restrict the development of a mutual decision about accounting and auditing of a professional. The main aim of this paper is to place somepractices inefficient and effectivemanner and in a better way of accounting to expect the research of accounting program. Thistheoretical,structural and conceptual framework of the given articleof accounting isinstigatedto boost theself-interestfunctionsof an individual so that the interaction could be done in a perfect way with some contract and with the help of many persons. Through this article, it has been found that many authorities and power have been got by the professionals on this research in quite positive way which is totally based upon many factors such as human behavior, performance, interpretation of human, decisions, cause and effect relationship etc. this article depict about the many theories and framework which have been introduced by many authors and auditors. They have revealed that the decisions could be taken by the accountants and auditors on their own basis. Their own decision and mindset would help them to accomplish the task easily (Melis, 2007). But it has also been found that if the auditor and accountant would use their own will to accomplish their duties then the chances of conflict would raise as every individual would do work according to their perception and mind set which is unique in every body. Continuously, this article explains about diverse theories of accounting practice which help the accountant to prepare the accounting and financing data in a proper manner. It also depict that if the accountant and auditors would be pressurized to work under pressure than the task might be accomplished by them but the chances of error and mistakes would enhance on huge level as they would not have the time to recheck their work and all the accounting and auditing concepts would not be followed by them properly. This article also explains about the many theories such as comprehensive and casual theory. It also explains that these theories could not help the company to analyze the exact behavior of a human (Smith, 2014). It has also been found through this article about epistemology and ontology phenomena of accounting. These phenomena offer some depth knowledge about the accounting and its practices to the users. This notion has been prominent in apprehension of variation that could be found through these theories. Still, the primary issue of this research is due to the ambiguous structures and concepts. It guides the huge muddle at the time of analyzing the facts and theories. This qualitative research of auditing and accounting has been used to collect all the data, figures etc to conduct the research properly. More, this article paper also depict about the practices of accounting that create a huge part in the accounting and auditing by using the scientific technique to identify the behavior, conflicts and relationship of cause and effect. Accordingly it has been suggested that the person must conduct a research over these theories to overcome all the issues (Li, 2015). The test would help the person to evaluation about the behavior and action of the organization. Research questions: The main issues and problems a person could face while conducting the research over the cause and effect theory, human behavior and accounting framework? Why the different theories of accounting offer different results? Which factors must be considered by the researcher to conduct a successful research? What is cause and effect relationship and the phenomena of accounting? Theoretical Framework: This reasrch has been conducted over the accounting and auditing people. Theories, their behavior, accounting concept, accounting phenomena, cause effect relationship etc. This research has been done over many conceptual frameworks, arguments of professionals etc. It is mainly concerned to identify the best of theory of positive accounting for the professionals. More, all the concept and points of this article have been researched to analyze every point of accounting perfectly (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). A study depicts that the theoretical framework, concepts and accounting regulations that offers many breakdown which would help in the practices of accounting. This research would also depict about the pressurized work and the conflicts among the accounting and auditing professionals because of the individual will (Samkin and Deegan, 2012). Many hypothetical tests has been conducted over this study to analyze the perfect result by auditors in its research by following many rules, regulations, concepts and practices of positive accounting. These models, theories and frameworks helps the individual to enhance their knowledge about the various accounting theories (Coetsee, 2010). These frameworks of accounting and auditing put forward the individual to exploit the fundamental accounting models to sort entire financial data and figures. The substance of this paper has been over and done with the concepts of accounting and qualitative factors as it provide clear understanding about accounting practices. Darwin theory evaluates about accounting theories and its impact over the practices of accounting and human behavior. The main theory of these accounting standards is to analyze the actual outcome and the expected outcome. It provides a concern to the user to get the actual result (Deegan, C., 2017). After that, such information could be fretful by the professionals to study errors in accounting. Equally, it is also not easy for the professionals to identify the correct theories which could be helpful for the professionals. Thus by conducting this research, it could be said that if the significant model would be used by the professionals then the error would be of type 1 error only. Many subsequent theories are also considered by the individual to recognize the cause and effect theory and the best conceptual framework for preparing the financial reports. After it, the null hypothesis is opted for this research to give the base of the study to the researcher and understand the concept of accounting properly (Guan, 2014). Null hypothesis has been taken according to the secondary data and huge assumptions. Finally it might be explained that all the factors of this article have been studied in the research to reach over a conclusion. Significant of positive accounting research This study is quite significant for the professionals to analyze every framework, concept of accounting and the exact theories of auditing and accounting. This research explains the reader about every accounting concept, theories and framework connected with the practical life of accounting professional. Positive accounting concepts have been studied in this research. The important significance of this file is as follows: Every accounting theories have been studied very well It gives a depth knowledge to the readers about the accounting as well as auditing. The human behavior has been described well Gives a differentiation about the individual and group decision Explains the changes which could be opt by the professional to mitigate every risk The outcome of this study would overcome all the issue of accounting Explain the cause and effect relationship Data has been collected very rapidly by secondary sources (Deegan, 2013) Professionals have analyzed the behavior of human to analyze the best theory of accounting. The hypothetical test has been performed to rally round the professionals for recognizing about the fault and errors. This research would help the professionals to understand the concepts. Limitation of Positive accounting research This research paper has been conducted very smoothly but still many limitations have been found in it. The biggest limitation of it is that the secondary data has been used in it. The professionals could not relied over the collected data as it is quite old. The set of regulations, conceptual framework and theories are taken from the old academic books and journals (Slater et al, 2014). Except all of it, the structure of the correct reasrch paper has not been followed due to the less time and cost. The article was the main source to reach on any conclusion. The accounting phenomena also get failed to offer the correct accounting details (Ahmed and Duellman, 2007). Investigator has also executed the qualitative as well as quantitative test of positive accounting based over data, facts, theories and figures to get the result. The information has been collected through secondary data, standards and assumptions. This research consist many limitations. Conclusion Through this study it could be concluded that every theory of accounting is significant in a particular manner. The article and research suggests that the accounting phenomena i.e. ontology and epistemology is very significant for positive accounting. It also defines that if every company would consider the accounting theories according to their nature and policies than the outcome would be perfect. Every organization is different from each other so that the policies could offer them some benefits as well as losses according to the framework. This research tells to the reader about the depth knowledge to the companies about positive accounting. It also tells the professionals about the standard format for making it easy to prepare the financial data. Thus it could be concluded through this research that every theory of accounting is significant in a particular manner. The article and research suggests that the accounting phenomena i.e. ontology and epistemology is very significant for positive accounting. References: Ahmed, A.S. and Duellman, S., 2007. Accounting conservatism and board of director characteristics: An empirical analysis.Journal of accounting and economics,43(2), pp.411-437. Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. and Wang, D., 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1344-1372. Coetsee, D., 2010. The role of accounting theory in the development of accounting principles.Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences,18(1), pp.1-16. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C., 2017. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,43, pp.65-87. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,32, pp.37-44. Guan, K., 2014. Corporate Growth, Audit Quality and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidence from Public Companies in China.Journal of Accounting and Economics,5(005). Kabir, H., 2011. Positive accounting theory and science. Klemstine, C.F. and Maher, M.W., 2014.Management Accounting Research (RLE Accountin Li, X., 2015. Accounting conservatism and the cost of capital: An international analysis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(5-6), pp.555-582. Melis, A., 2007. Financial statements and positive accounting theory: The early contribution of Aldo Amaduzzi. Accounting, Business Financial History,17(1), pp.53-62. Samkin, G. and Deegan, C., 2012.New Zealand financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Slater, R.A., Koren, S., Ramot, Y., Buchs, A. and Rapoport, M.J., 2014. Interpreting the results of the Semmes?Weinstein monofilament test: accounting for false?positive answers in the international consensus on the diabetic foot protocol by a new model.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,30(1), pp.77-80. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage.

The letter box Essay Example

The letter box Paper John Searles Chinese room argument attempts to explain the difference between working machines and the human mind. Let us imagine that an English speaking man who knows no other language has been put in a small room. On the wall is a letter box and on the floor is a book of rules and a note pad. Every so often a piece of paper with Chinese writing is passed through the letterbox. The rulebook explains how to process the writing, it tells the man to copy certain characters onto the note pad. Thebook gives a code informing the man what should be written according to what is on the paper initially sent through the letter box. Once he has decoded the message he sends the reply back through the letterbox as an answer to the questions he received, obeying the rules contained in the book. As time goes by the man becomes more and more accomplished at his job. To a Chinese onlooker it would seem that the person in the room was a fluent Chinese speaker. Searle compares the activity of this man to the activity of a machine or computer. The man did not need to understand the Chinese to be able to give a perfect answer. In this way the computer does not understand or comprehend what it is doing, it only processes information. We will write a custom essay sample on The letter box specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The letter box specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The letter box specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Searle said that the man (and hence machine) lacked intentionality and possessed only a syntactical ability as opposed to a semantic one. This means that the machine is unable to be aware of the meaning of the information it processes even though it uses correct grammar to communicate with. Simply producing output in response to input according to certain rules does not constitute human thought. Searle uses this argument to refute the so-called Strong Artificial Intelligence position of some thinkers who believe that computer language does more than just represent human thought (via programming); rather, it really is human thought. A thought experiment arguing against Searles reasoning and supporting Strong AI is the Turing test. Alan Turing, who helped develop the first modern computers, claimed that in future years it could be possible to create a machine that had a mind. Turing imagined the following: There is an interrogator, a machine and a person. The interrogator is positioned in a separate room to the machine and the person. The person and machine are labelled either x or y, the interrogator is unaware which is x and which is y. The interrogator must ask x and y questions, his aim is to guess which is the machine and which is the person. The aim of the machine is to make the interrogator guess that the person is in fact the machine; the objective for the person is to help cause the interrogator to guess correctly. Turing believed that in the future it would be quite conceivable for a machine to trick the interrogator more than seventy percent of the time. Turing believed that this proved machines were capable of thinking. The problem with this argument is that just because the computer is capable of fooling the interrogator into believing it is human does not directly correspond to the conclusion that the machine is a thinking thing. It seems more likely that the computer has merely been programmed with the correct answers to use and in reality has no understanding of what his answers actually mean. Professor Jefferson argued, Not until a machine can write a sonnet or compose a concerto because of thoughts and emotions felt, and not by the chance fall of symbols, could we agree that machine equals brain-that is, not only write it but know that it had written it. No mechanism could feel (and not merely artificially signal, an easy contrivance) pleasure at its successes, grief when its valves fuse, be warmed by flattery, be made miserable by its mistakes, be charmed by sex, be angry or depressed when it cannot get what it wants. 3 Having awareness and knowledge of the content and meaning of thought is what Searle describes as intentionality and is a feature of human thinking which machines could never replicate because of their very nature as fabricated, artificial entities. In conclusion, I feel that it seems impossible for machines to ever have minds. The mind appears to be a purely metaphysical thing that could not be transplanted into a machine. Furthermore the process that a machine goes through is not thought but programming. Everything the machine knows comes from the maker. To say that machines have minds is like saying that even if an evil daemon controlled and planted every thought in our heads, we would still be free thinking beings with conscious minds. Personally I find it hard to conceive the monist approach, though some attempts are made to explain the mind from a monist perspective, which nonetheless gives the mind a special position that could not merely be recreated by fabricated, artificial machines. Such an approach is taken by those who see the mind as an emergent property of the physical composition of the body (specifically brain). A single molecule of water could not be wet or hot or cold; it is only on combining with many millions of molecules in a complex bundle that properties emerge that we associate with water. So with the mind our freedom and intentionality emerge from the very complex arrangement of our organic bodies, which are unique to humans and animals and could not be shared by machines. For most people using an argument from common sense it feels that our minds are free and unattached to our physical bodies. I therefore conclude that a purely physical man-made machine can never have a real mind of its own. And thus in reality it would make it impossible for James the Red Engines thought4 and emotions to actually exist.

4 Great Quotes That Changed World History

4 Great Quotes That Changed World History These are some famous and powerful quotes that changed world history. Some of them were so powerful that World Wars took birth as they were uttered. Others quelled storms that threatened to wipe out humanity. Still, others inspired a change of mindset, and kickstart social reform. These words have transformed the lives of millions, and have etched new paths for the future generation. 1. Galileo Galilei Eppur si muove! (And yet it moves.) Every once in a century, there comes along a human being who brings about a revolution with just three words. Italian physicist and mathematician Galileo Galilei held a different view of the movement of the sun and the celestial bodies with respect to the earth. But the church held the belief that the Sun and other planetary bodies revolve around the Earth; a belief that made God-fearing Christians adhere to the words of the Bible as interpreted by the clergymen.   In the era of Inquisition, and a suspicious wariness of Pagan beliefs, Galileos views were considered heresy and he was tried for spreading heretic views. The punishment for heresy was torture and death. Galileo risked his life to educate the church how wrong they were. But the chauvinist views of the church were to remain, and Galileos head was to go. A 68-year-old Galileo could hardly afford to lose his head before the Inquisition for a mere fact. He, therefore, made a public confession that he was wrong:   I held and believed that the sun is the centre of the universe and is immovable, and that the earth is not the centre and is movable; willing, therefore, to remove from the minds of your Eminences, and of every Catholic Christian, this vehement suspicion rightfully entertained toward me, with a sincere heart and unfeigned faith, I abjure, curse, and detest the said errors and heresies, and generally every other error and sect contrary to Holy Church; and I swear that I will never more in future say or assert anything verbally, or in writing, which may give rise to a similar suspicion of me; but if I shall know any heretic, or anyone suspected of heresy, that I will denounce him to this Holy Office, or to the Inquisitor or Ordinary of the place where I may be; I swear, moreover, and promise, that I will fulfil and observe fully, all the penances which have been or shall be laid on me by this Holy Office.Galileo Galilei, Abjuration, 22 Jun 1633 The above quote, Eppur si muove!  was found in a Spanish painting. Whether Galileo actually said these words are unknown, but it is believed that Galileo muttered these words under his breath after he was forced to recant his views. The forced recantation that Galileo had to endure is one of the most significant events in the history of the world. It shows how free spirit and scientific thinking was always stifled by conservative views of a powerful few. Humankind will remain indebted to this fearless scientist, Galileo, who we regale the father of modern astronomy, the father of modern physics, and the father of modern science. 2. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite! These words are a reminder of the rise of communism under the leadership of two German intellectuals, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The working class had suffered years of exploitation, oppression, and discrimination in a capitalist Europe. Under the powerful rich class that comprised of businessmen, traders, bankers, and industrialists, the workers and laborers suffered inhuman living conditions. The simmering discord was already growing in the underbelly of the poor. While capitalist countries vied for more political power and economic freedom, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believed that it was the time the workers were given their due. The slogan, Workers of the world, unite! was a clarion call in the Communist Manifesto created by Marx and Engels as a closing line of the manifesto. The Communist Manifesto threatened to shake the foundation of capitalism in Europe and bring about a new social order. This quote, which was a meek voice calling for change became a deafening roar. Revolutions of 1848 were a direct result of the slogan. The widespread revolution changed the face of France, Germany, Italy, and Austria. The Communist Manifesto is one of the most widely read secular documents in the world. The proletariat governments were elbowed out of their cushy positions of power and the new social class found its voice in the realm of politics. This quote is a voice of a new social order, that brought in a change of time. 3. Nelson Mandela I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. Nelson Mandela was the David who took on the Goliath of the colonial rule. The African National Congress, under the leadership of Mandela, held various demonstrations, civil disobedience campaigns, and other forms of non-violent protests against apartheid. Nelson Mandela became the face of the anti-apartheid movement. He rallied the black community of South Africa to unite against the oppressive regime of a white government. And he had to pay a heavy price for his democratic views.   In April 1964, at the crowded courtroom of Johannesburg, Nelson Mandela faced trial for charges of terrorism, and sedition. On that historic day, Nelson Mandela made a speech to the audience gathered in the courtroom. This quote, which was the closing line of the speech, evoked a strong response from every corner of the world.   Mandela’s zealous speech had left the world tongue-tied. For once, Mandela had shaken the foundations of the apartheid government. Mandela’s words continue to inspire millions of oppressed people of South Africa to find a new lease of life. Mandela’s quote reverberates in political and social circles as a symbol of a new awakening. 4. Ronald Reagan Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. Though this quote refers to the Berlin Wall that divided East Germany and West Germany, this quote makes a symbolic reference to the end of the Cold War.   When Reagan said this highly famous line in his speech at the Brandenburg Gate near the Berlin Wall on June 12, 1987, he made an earnest appeal to Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev in a bid to thaw the frost between the two nations: East Germany and West Germany. Gorbachev, leader of the Eastern block, on the other hand, was chalking out a path of reform for the Soviet Union through liberal measures such as perestroika. But East Germany, which was governed by the Soviet Union, was stifled with poor economic growth and restrictive freedom. Reagan, the 40th US President at that time was visiting West Berlin. His bold challenge did not see an immediate impact on the Berlin Wall. However, the tectonic plates of the political landscape were already shifting in Eastern Europe. 1989 was the year of historic significance. That year, many things came crumbling down, including the Berlin Wall. The Soviet Union, which was a powerful confederation of states, imploded to give birth to several newly independent nations. The Cold War that had threatened a worldwide nuclear arms race was finally over.   Mr. Reagans speech may not have been the immediate cause of the breakdown of the Berlin Wall. But many political analysts believe that his words stirred an awakening amongst East Berliners that eventually led to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Today, many nations have a political conflict with their neighboring countries, but rarely do we come across an event in history that is as significant as the fall of the Berlin Wall.

National Security and Homeland Defense Research Paper

National Security and Homeland Defense - Research Paper Example This paper shows that the various agencies involved at the state, federal or local agencies make a perfect team in making the country safe for its entire citizen. Introduction There are many threats that face us daily in the society that we live. Whether it is from terrorist attacks, theft attack, attack amongst ourselves or threat issues, we are still faced with danger all around us. Many agencies are deployed to protect us from such kinds of attack. They investigate in to the matter and come up with solutions to our problems. They assure us that we will be all right and every single matter will be handled professionally in accordance with the laws that govern us. Given their different roles in the society, they work together to protect its citizens. The agencies involved are federal, State Law Enforcement agencies or local agencies that are the municipal or county police. The federal Given to them the duty under the United States Code, the Federal agencies that exist in the United States have the authority to enforce laws only at the level of federal. The federal agencies have the same powers as the police in that they both act together with the police. They are only given the permission to investigate issues within the range of power they are endowed. Their investigate powers is clearly seen nowadays especially after the USA patriotic act was passed. At the federal level, most of the duties of enforcement are placed under the department of Justice. An instance of a federal agency is the Drug Enforcement Administration and the United States Marshals. In addition to that, the homeland security department has many federal agencies that work together with it. An instance of a federal agency that works with the department of homeland security is the United States Secret Service and the Transportation Security Administration (Reiss & Albert 1992). Since the government of the United States is structured as sovereign states in which each state is responsible for mai ntaining their own military, police and any other agency involved in the law making process, the constitution has not given the federal agencies to practice the benefits that a normal police has. The constitution has only allowed the federal agency to exercise their powers on affairs between states and any affair that is foreign. In the case of policing, if a crime happens at a different state, then the federal agency does not have any power. If the federal agency acts on a different state, then they have gone against the law of federal that governs the interstate relation and they can be charged by the jurisdiction of federal. The United States Secret Service As a part of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the United States Secret Service is an example of a federal agency that exists in the United States. The United States Secret Service is involved in many responsibilities in the federal department. Responsibilities of the United States Secret Service The primary d uty of the United States Secret Service as stated in their mission is to protect the financial system and the payment process of systems n the United States. They are usually involved in crimes that involve any financial fraud whether it is institutional, electronic, identification of false documents or any money laundering process. It is also responsible for the protection of the President of the United States. That is the second main mission of the United Sta